Scouring is wearing away of riverbed material that supports piers or abutments. The piles or pier foundation get exposed down to significant depths due to large scale scouring. This may destabilize the foundation of the bridge causing bridge failure. Scouring thus compromises the safety of the bridge. It has been the cause of failure of several bridges around the world. It is thus, critical for the stakeholders to detect the occurrence of stream/riverbed scour at bridge piers and monitor the scour depth variation.

One of the most basic instruments that we use in our daily lives is temperature sensors. From thermometers and refrigerators to water heaters and air-conditioners, they all have temperature sensors in them. But, the role of temperature sensors is not just limited to domestic equipment. They are paired up with several other sensors to measure the temperature of structures, buildings, soil, and water as well.

A displacement sensor is designed to measure linear displacement by converting mechanical motions into readable electrical signals. Crack Meters (crack width meter) and Joint Meters are Positions and Displacement Sensors/Transducers with anchors and ball joints.

Settlement monitoring is very important to evaluate the possible problems and for risk management related to ground displacement on surface or underground constructions. Settlement monitoring is used in the field of tunnelling, dams, embankments, deep excavations, foundations, retaining walls as diaphragm walls, and buildings affected by possible differential settlement.